Publications

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Advances in technology are permitting broadband service providers to enter the residential video market. This has enabled effective competition in the delivery of wired video services, bringing a wider variety of offerings and lower prices. This study uses current population data along with demand and subscription rate data from our 2006 study to develop reasonable estimates of the effects of…
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This paper describes characteristics of information and service design by exploring the needs and motivations of tourists. Tourists are expected to be important and demanding users of location-based services. They will need customized means to filter their experience of destinations, as well as ways to meaningfully participate in the creation of narratives and histories about different places.…
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Computer users express a strong desire to prevent attacks and to reduce the losses from computer and information security breaches. However, security compromises are common and widespread and highly damaging. Next to attackers' increased sophistication, a root cause for the harm inflicted is that users often fail to optimally protect their resources or to recover gracefully from a security breach…
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Is everything under the sun made by humans patentable subject matter?
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Competition to cable television as the dominant means of delivering video programming via wired infrastructures to the home is starting to emerge in several countries. A few areas have competitive overbuilds and in others innovative broadband service providers (BSPs) are using digital systems to deliver video services. The recent emergence of IPbased video technologies and BSPs has provided…

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We present a simple linguistically-motivated method for characterizing the semantic relations that hold between two nouns. The approach leverages the vast size of the Web in order to build lexically-specific features. The main idea is to look for verbs, prepositions, and coordinating conjunctions that can help make explicit the hidden relations between the target nouns. Using these features in…
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Web search engines today typically show results as a list of titles and short snippets that summarize how the retrieved documents are related to the query. However, recent research suggests that longer summaries can be preferable for certain types of queries. This paper presents empirical evidence that judges can predict appropriate search result summary lengths, and that perceptions of search…
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Recipient of "Top Student Paper by Elsevier" for 2008 Awarded in Prague, CZ

Despite continuing population and economic growth in the Bay Area, the rate of adoption of FasTrak, the electronic toll collection system employed in California, has been significantly lower than similar systems in comparable urban areas of the United States. Prior economic research suggests…

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In the early years of the American republic, only white male landowners could vote, and then typically by expressing their preferences in a public setting, for all to witness. Our electoral system has changed drastically since that time; now almost all Americans cast votes with the assistance of computerized equipment. While much good stems from the use of computerized equipment in elections—…

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Past, present and emerging technologies of memory are important concerns for memory studies. What is remembered individually and collectively depends in part on technologies of memory and socio-technical practices, which are changing radically. We identify specific concerns about developments in digital memory capture, storage and retrieval. Decisions are being made now that may have far-reaching…
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By 2000, over one-third of Silicon Valley's high-skilled workers were foreign-born, and overwhelmingly from Asia. These US-educated engineers are transforming developmental opportunities for formerly peripheral regions as they build professional and business connections to their home countries. In a process more akin to 'brain circulation' than 'brain drain', these engineers and entrepreneurs,…
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A growing number of systems on the Internet create what we call information pools, or collections of online information goods for public, club or private consumption. Examples of information pools include collaborative editing websites (e.g. Wikipedia), peer-to-peer file sharing networks (e.g., Napster), multimedia contribution sites (e.g. YouTube), and amorphous collections of commentary (e.g…

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Handcrafted objects, such as knit scarves or sweaters, subtly signify the time and skill involved in their creation. Yet a handcraft artifact itself cannot convey the experience of its creation. We present the design, implementation, and preliminary evaluation of Spyn, a system for knitters to virtually weave stories into their creations. Using Spyn, a knitter can record, playback and share…
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This paper introduces design guidelines for new technology that leverage our understanding of traditional interactions with bound paper in the form of books and notebooks. Existing, physical interactions with books have evolved over hundreds of years, providing a rich history that we can use to inform our design of new computing technologies. In this paper, we initially survey existing paper…
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Online dating systems play a prominent role in the social lives of millions of their users, but little research has considered how users perceive one another through their personal profiles. We examined how users perceive attractiveness in online dating profiles, which provide their first exposure to a potential partner. Participants rated whole profiles and profile components on such qualities…
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Every year almost 10 million children die before reaching the age of five despite the fact that two-thirds of these deaths could be prevented by effective low-cost interventions. To combat this, the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF developed the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) treatment algorithms.

In Tanzania, IMCI is the national policy for the treatment of…